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种植日历

Rialto, California 种植日历

一般年份里,Rialto 的春季终霜大约在 March 8,秋季初霜大约在 November 25——大约有 262 个无霜天可用,属 USDA 9a 分区。下面是每种作物的种植时间,以及每个时间窗里落在哪些月相日。

真正要紧的四个日期

日期什么时候意味着什么
春季终霜 (50%)Mar 8 有一半的年份会在这个日期之后还结霜。这是平均值,不是保证。
春季终霜 (10%)Apr 8 只有十年里的一年会在这之后结霜。凡是不能重种的作物,就按这个日期来。
秋季初霜 (50%)Nov 25 有一半的年份会在这个日期之前结霜。秋菜就是从这里往回推算的。
秋季初霜 (10%)Nov 6 早霜年份。如果某种作物必须收成,就争取在这之前收。
USDA 9a 分区 262 个无霜天 模型估算值

Rialto 的春夏播种

这些日期是按本地自己的终霜日期算出来的,不是照搬通用的分区表。“最佳月相日” 是每个时间窗里落在该作物传统月相上的那几天——和 App 用的是同一条规则。

作物室内育苗露地定植 最佳月相日收获天数
Strawberry (crowns)
transplant
— Jan 7 – Feb 15 Feb 1
Full Moon
perennial — first real harvest next season
Garlic
cloves/sets
更适合秋播——见下文
— Jan 20 – Feb 20 Feb 2–7
Waning Gibbous
240–300
Asparagus (crowns)
transplant
— Jan 25 – Mar 1 Jan 25, Feb 24
First Quarter
perennial — first real harvest 2–3 years
Chives
either
Jan 11 Jan 25 – Mar 1 Feb 18–23
Waxing Crescent
75–90
Onion (from sets/transplants)
cloves/sets
— Jan 25 – Mar 1 Feb 2–7
Waning Gibbous
90–120
Peas (English/snap)
direct sow
— Jan 25 – Mar 1 Jan 25, Feb 24
First Quarter
55–75
Spinach
direct sow
— Jan 25 – Mar 1 Feb 18–23
Waxing Crescent
35–50
Cabbage
transplant
Jan 4 Feb 1 – Mar 1 Feb 18–23
Waxing Crescent
65–90
Collards
either
Jan 25 Feb 1 – Mar 22 Feb 18–23
Waxing Crescent
55–85
Kale
either
Jan 25 Feb 1 – Mar 8 Feb 18–23
Waxing Crescent
50–65
Lettuce (leaf)
either
Feb 1 Feb 1 – Mar 29 Feb 18–23
Waxing Crescent
40–55
Potato
cloves/sets
— Feb 1 – Mar 8 Feb 1, Mar 3
Full Moon
70–120
Radish
direct sow
— Feb 1 – Mar 29 Feb 2–7
Waning Gibbous
22–35
Turnip
direct sow
— Feb 1 – Mar 15 Feb 2–7
Waning Gibbous
40–60
Broccoli
transplant
Jan 4 Feb 6 – Mar 8 Feb 18–23
Waxing Crescent
55–80
Brussels Sprouts
transplant
Jan 4 Feb 6 – Mar 8 Feb 18–23
Waxing Crescent
90–110
Leek
transplant
Dec 28 Feb 6 – Mar 8 Feb 6–8, Mar 4–6
Waning Gibbous
100–120
Lettuce (head)
transplant
Jan 18 Feb 6 – Mar 8 Feb 18–23
Waxing Crescent
60–85
Parsley
either
Jan 4 Feb 6 – Mar 15 Feb 18–23
Waxing Crescent
70–90
Parsnip
direct sow
— Feb 6 – Mar 15 Mar 3
Full Moon
100–150
Shallot
cloves/sets
更适合秋播——见下文
— Feb 6 – Mar 8 Feb 6–8, Mar 4–6
Waning Gibbous
90–120
Beet
direct sow
— Feb 8 – Mar 29 Mar 3
Full Moon
50–65
Kohlrabi
either
Jan 25 Feb 8 – Mar 15 Feb 18–23
Waxing Crescent
45–60
Carrot
direct sow
— Feb 15 – Mar 29 Mar 3
Full Moon
65–85
Cauliflower
transplant
Jan 4 Feb 15 – Mar 8 Feb 18–23
Waxing Crescent
55–80
Cilantro
direct sow
— Feb 15 – Mar 29 Feb 18–23
Waxing Crescent
45–70
Swiss Chard
direct sow
— Feb 15 – Apr 7 Feb 18–23
Waxing Crescent
50–60
Dill
direct sow
— Feb 22 – Apr 7 Feb 22–23, Mar 19–22
Waxing Crescent
40–60
Cucumber
either
Feb 15 Mar 8 – Apr 7 Mar 25
First Quarter
50–70
Green Beans (bush)
direct sow
— Mar 8 – Apr 22 Mar 25
First Quarter
50–65
Oregano
transplant
Jan 11 Mar 8 – Mar 29 Mar 25
First Quarter
cut as needed
Sage
transplant
Jan 11 Mar 8 – Mar 29 Mar 25
First Quarter
cut as needed
Sweet Corn
direct sow
— Mar 8 – Apr 22 Mar 25
First Quarter
60–100
Thyme
transplant
Jan 11 Mar 8 – Mar 29 Mar 25
First Quarter
cut as needed
Zucchini / Summer Squash
either
Feb 15 Mar 8 – Apr 7 Mar 25
First Quarter
45–60
Basil
either
Jan 25 Mar 15 – Apr 7 Mar 19–24
Waxing Crescent
30–60
Dry Beans
direct sow
— Mar 15 – Apr 12 Mar 25
First Quarter
85–100
Pole Beans
direct sow
— Mar 15 – Apr 17 Mar 25
First Quarter
60–75
Pumpkin
direct sow
Feb 15 Mar 15 – Apr 12 Mar 25
First Quarter
90–120
Rosemary
transplant
Mar 8 Mar 15 – Apr 7 Mar 25
First Quarter
cut as needed
Tomatillo
transplant
Jan 25 Mar 15 – Apr 7 Mar 25
First Quarter
60–75
Tomato
transplant
Jan 25 Mar 15 – Apr 7 Mar 25
First Quarter
60–85
Winter Squash
direct sow
Feb 15 Mar 15 – Apr 12 Mar 25
First Quarter
85–110
Cantaloupe / Muskmelon
either
Feb 15 Mar 22 – Apr 12 Mar 25
First Quarter
75–90
Eggplant
transplant
Jan 11 Mar 22 – Apr 12 Mar 25
First Quarter
60–90
Okra
direct sow
Feb 8 Mar 22 – Apr 17 Mar 25
First Quarter
50–70
Pepper
transplant
Jan 11 Mar 22 – Apr 12 Mar 25
First Quarter
60–90
Sweet Potato
slips
— Mar 22 – Apr 17 Apr 2–7
Waning Gibbous
90–150
Watermelon
either
Feb 15 Mar 22 – Apr 12 Mar 25
First Quarter
70–90

Rialto 的秋季播种

秋季日期是从初霜往回推算的,而且还要为“秋季系数”多留出时间:白天 越来越短、越来越凉,作物长得比种子袋上写的慢。播得太晚,是秋菜失败最常见的一个原因。

作物播种或定植最佳月相日收获天数耐寒性
Tomato Jul 10 – Aug 15 Jul 21 60–85 very tender
Brussels Sprouts Jul 13 – Jul 30 Jul 15–20 90–110 hardy
Potato Jul 18 – Aug 19 Jul 29 70–120 semi-hardy
Sweet Corn Jul 23 – Aug 15 — 60–100 tender
Pole Beans Aug 2 – Aug 15 — 60–75 tender
Parsley Aug 5 – Aug 19 Aug 13–18 70–90 semi-hardy
Okra Aug 7 – Sep 6 Aug 19 50–70 very tender
Cabbage Aug 12 – Aug 24 Aug 13–18 65–90 hardy
Carrot Aug 12 – Aug 24 — 65–85 semi-hardy
Collards Aug 12 – Sep 3 Aug 13–18 55–85 hardy
Cucumber Aug 12 – Aug 25 Aug 19 50–70 tender
Broccoli Aug 17 – Sep 3 Aug 17–18 55–80 hardy
Cauliflower Aug 17 – Sep 3 Aug 17–18 55–80 semi-hardy
Green Beans (bush) Aug 17 – Aug 25 Aug 19 50–65 tender
Lettuce (head) Aug 17 – Aug 29 Aug 17–18 60–85 semi-hardy
Peas (English/snap) Aug 17 – Sep 3 Aug 19 55–75 hardy
Beet Aug 22 – Sep 8 Aug 27 50–65 semi-hardy
Kale Aug 22 – Sep 8 — 50–65 hardy
Swiss Chard Aug 22 – Sep 8 — 50–60 semi-hardy
Zucchini / Summer Squash Aug 22 – Aug 30 — 45–60 tender
Basil Aug 27 – Sep 14 Sep 11–14 30–60 very tender
Kohlrabi Aug 27 – Sep 13 Sep 11–13 45–60 hardy
Cilantro Sep 1 – Sep 13 Sep 11–13 45–70 semi-hardy
Lettuce (leaf) Sep 1 – Sep 18 Sep 11–16 40–55 semi-hardy
Turnip Sep 1 – Sep 18 Sep 1–3 40–60 hardy
Spinach Sep 6 – Sep 23 Sep 11–16 35–50 hardy
Dill Sep 11 – Sep 18 Sep 11–16 40–60 semi-hardy
Radish Sep 11 – Oct 6 Sep 27–Oct 2 22–35 hardy
Garlic Oct 26 – Dec 16 Oct 26–31 240–300 hardy
Shallot Nov 9 – Dec 10 Nov 25–29 90–120 hardy
一句话总结:50% 的霜冻日期是抛硬币,不是放行信号。要是损失一盘番茄苗会让你难受, 就按 Apr 8 这个日期来种,并且无论如何都备一块覆盖布。

这些数字从哪儿来

Rialto 城内没有长期记录的气象站,所以这里的霜冻日期是 模型推算的,不是实测的。它来自一张半度分辨率的气候网格:把 6,808 个 NOAA 站点(1991–2020 常态值)的 结霜日期与地形、2023 年 USDA 耐寒栅格拟合之后,再读取你所在城市落在的那个网格。拿这些站点本身做校验, 该模型平均误差大约在一周以内——分区与站点完全吻合的比例为 67%,相差不超过半个分区的比例为 97%。 一个网格大约覆盖 35 × 28 英里,所以这是一个“街区级”的答案,不是“后院级”的。如果你附近有 有气象站支撑的地点, 优先用那一个。

这些数据到底有多准?

Extension recommendations for the same crop routinely disagree by two to four weeks, and occasionally more, so these offsets should be presented as windows and starting points rather than deadlines. Three things drive the spread. (1) Regional risk tolerance: for warm-season crops, Colorado State and Utah State put tomatoes, peppers and melons out about 14 days after the last frost, while University of Missouri's calendar works out to roughly 25-35 days after the last frost and University of Maryland's window runs from the frost date itself out to 45 days past it. That is a real 6-week spread for the single most popular garden crop, and it exists because a short-season mountain state is optimizing against a short season while a humid continental state is optimizing against cold, wet spring soil. (2) Soil temperature versus calendar date: most Extension services now say the honest trigger is soil temperature at 4 inches, not the frost date, and the frost-relative number is a convenience translation. A cold, wet spring can push the real date two or three weeks past the calendar recommendation. (3) Days-to-maturity is variety-specific and is measured differently for direct-seeded versus transplanted crops - seed catalogs count from transplant date for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and cole crops, but from sowing for roots and greens - so a 'days to maturity' range of 60-85 for tomato is genuinely 60-85 depending on which packet you bought. Additionally, the average last frost is a 50% probability, meaning half of all years have a frost after that date; Extension services commonly advise waiting 1-2 weeks past it for anything frost-tender, or being prepared to cover. Treat every number here as plus or minus about 10-14 days.

关于气象站本身:一个气象站只是一个点。城市会蓄热,山谷会积冷空气, 朝北坡地上的菜园可能比一英里外的晚上两周。把这一页当成起点,让你自己的菜园去修正它—— App 里的日记正是为此而设。

附近的地点

Fontana, CA zone 9a San Bernardino, CA zone 9a Riverside, CA zone 9b Rancho Cucamonga, CA zone 9a Moreno Valley, CA zone 9b Ontario, CA zone 9a

Rialto 的播种提醒

每逢新月和满月发一封短信,告诉你 Rialto 现在正好在哪些作物的种植窗口里——依据本页的霜冻日期算出。免费,一键退订。

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想在菜园里用手机看?Moon Phase Garden 把你的霜冻日期、种植时间窗和今晚的月相放在一处, 离线也能用,还能让你用自家菜园的实际情况覆盖这些日期。免费,无广告。

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