Les quatre dates qui comptent
| Date | Quand | Ce que cela veut dire |
|---|---|---|
| Dernier gel de printemps (50 %) | May 4 | Une année sur deux gèle après cette date. C’est une moyenne, pas une garantie. |
| Dernier gel de printemps (10 %) | May 18 | Une année sur dix seulement gèle après. À retenir pour ce que vous ne pouvez pas vous permettre de resemer. |
| Premier gel d’automne (50 %) | Oct 7 | Une année sur deux gèle avant cette date. Les cultures d’automne se comptent à rebours depuis là. |
| Premier gel d’automne (10 %) | Sep 26 | Une année à gel précoce. Si une culture doit finir, visez une récolte avant cette date. |
Semis de printemps et d’été à Billings
Les dates sont calculées à partir du dernier gel propre à ce lieu, pas d’un tableau générique par zone. Les « meilleurs jours lunaires » sont les jours de chaque fenêtre qui tombent dans la phase traditionnelle de la culture — la règle même de l’application.
| Culture | Semis à l’abri | Plantation dehors | Meilleurs jours lunaires | Jours avant récolte |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strawberry (crowns) transplant |
— | Mar 5 – Apr 13 | Apr 1 Full Moon |
perennial — first real harvest next season |
| Garlic cloves/sets Mieux vaut semer en automne — voir plus bas |
— | Mar 18 – Apr 18 | Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
240–300 |
| Asparagus (crowns) transplant |
— | Mar 23 – Apr 27 | Mar 25, Apr 23 First Quarter |
perennial — first real harvest 2–3 years |
| Chives either |
Mar 9 | Mar 23 – Apr 27 | Mar 23–24, Apr 18–21 Waxing Crescent |
75–90 |
| Onion (from sets/transplants) cloves/sets |
— | Mar 23 – Apr 27 | Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Peas (English/snap) direct sow |
— | Mar 23 – Apr 27 | Mar 25, Apr 23 First Quarter |
55–75 |
| Spinach direct sow |
— | Mar 23 – Apr 27 | Mar 23–24, Apr 18–21 Waxing Crescent |
35–50 |
| Cabbage transplant |
Mar 2 | Mar 30 – Apr 27 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
65–90 |
| Collards either |
Mar 23 | Mar 30 – May 18 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
55–85 |
| Kale either |
Mar 23 | Mar 30 – May 4 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
50–65 |
| Lettuce (leaf) either |
Mar 30 | Mar 30 – May 25 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
40–55 |
| Potato cloves/sets |
— | Mar 30 – May 4 | Apr 1, May 1 Full Moon |
70–120 |
| Radish direct sow |
— | Mar 30 – May 25 | Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
22–35 |
| Turnip direct sow |
— | Mar 30 – May 11 | Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
40–60 |
| Broccoli transplant |
Mar 2 | Apr 4 – May 4 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Brussels Sprouts transplant |
Mar 2 | Apr 4 – May 4 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
90–110 |
| Leek transplant |
Feb 23 | Apr 4 – May 4 | Apr 4–8, May 2 Waning Gibbous |
100–120 |
| Lettuce (head) transplant |
Mar 16 | Apr 4 – May 4 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
60–85 |
| Parsley either |
Mar 2 | Apr 4 – May 11 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
70–90 |
| Parsnip direct sow |
— | Apr 4 – May 11 | May 1 Full Moon |
100–150 |
| Shallot cloves/sets Mieux vaut semer en automne — voir plus bas |
— | Apr 4 – May 4 | Apr 4–8, May 2 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Beet direct sow |
— | Apr 6 – May 25 | May 1 Full Moon |
50–65 |
| Kohlrabi either |
Mar 23 | Apr 6 – May 11 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
45–60 |
| Carrot direct sow |
— | Apr 13 – May 25 | May 1 Full Moon |
65–85 |
| Cauliflower transplant |
Mar 2 | Apr 13 – May 4 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Cilantro direct sow |
— | Apr 13 – May 25 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
45–70 |
| Swiss Chard direct sow |
— | Apr 13 – Jun 3 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
50–60 |
| Dill direct sow |
— | Apr 20 – Jun 3 | Apr 20–22, May 17–19 Waxing Crescent |
40–60 |
| Cucumber either |
Apr 13 | May 4 – Jun 3 | May 23 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Green Beans (bush) direct sow |
— | May 4 – Jun 18 | May 23 First Quarter |
50–65 |
| Oregano transplant |
Mar 9 | May 4 – May 25 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sage transplant |
Mar 9 | May 4 – May 25 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sweet Corn direct sow |
— | May 4 – Jun 18 | May 23 First Quarter |
60–100 |
| Thyme transplant |
Mar 9 | May 4 – May 25 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash either |
Apr 13 | May 4 – Jun 3 | May 23 First Quarter |
45–60 |
| Basil either |
Mar 23 | May 11 – Jun 3 | May 17–22 Waxing Crescent |
30–60 |
| Dry Beans direct sow |
— | May 11 – Jun 8 | May 23 First Quarter |
85–100 |
| Pole Beans direct sow |
— | May 11 – Jun 13 | May 23 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Pumpkin direct sow |
Apr 13 | May 11 – Jun 8 | May 23 First Quarter |
90–120 |
| Rosemary transplant |
May 4 | May 11 – Jun 3 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Tomatillo transplant |
Mar 23 | May 11 – Jun 3 | May 23 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Tomato transplant |
Mar 23 | May 11 – Jun 3 | May 23 First Quarter |
60–85 |
| Winter Squash direct sow |
Apr 13 | May 11 – Jun 8 | May 23 First Quarter |
85–110 |
| Cantaloupe / Muskmelon either |
Apr 13 | May 18 – Jun 8 | May 23 First Quarter |
75–90 |
| Eggplant transplant |
Mar 9 | May 18 – Jun 8 | May 23 First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Okra direct sow |
Apr 6 | May 18 – Jun 13 | May 23 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Pepper transplant |
Mar 9 | May 18 – Jun 8 | May 23 First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Sweet Potato slips |
— | May 18 – Jun 13 | Jun 1–6 Waning Gibbous |
90–150 |
| Watermelon either |
Apr 13 | May 18 – Jun 8 | May 23 First Quarter |
70–90 |
Semis d’automne à Billings
Les dates d’automne se comptent à rebours depuis le premier gel, et elles rajoutent du temps pour le « facteur d’automne » : les jours raccourcissent et refroidissent, donc une culture pousse plus lentement que ne le promet le sachet. Semer trop tard est de loin la première cause d’échec d’un potager d’automne.
| Culture | Semer ou mettre en place | Meilleurs jours lunaires | Jours avant récolte | Rusticité |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brussels Sprouts | May 25 – Jun 11 | — | 90–110 | hardy |
| Potato | May 30 – Jul 1 | May 31, Jun 29 | 70–120 | semi-hardy |
| Pole Beans | Jun 14 – Jun 27 | Jun 21 | 60–75 | tender |
| Parsley | Jun 17 – Jul 1 | Jun 17–20 | 70–90 | semi-hardy |
| Okra | Jun 19 – Jul 19 | Jun 21 | 50–70 | very tender |
| Cabbage | Jun 24 – Jul 6 | — | 65–90 | hardy |
| Carrot | Jun 24 – Jul 6 | Jun 29 | 65–85 | semi-hardy |
| Collards | Jun 24 – Jul 16 | Jul 15–16 | 55–85 | hardy |
| Cucumber | Jun 24 – Jul 7 | — | 50–70 | tender |
| Broccoli | Jun 29 – Jul 16 | Jul 15–16 | 55–80 | hardy |
| Cauliflower | Jun 29 – Jul 16 | Jul 15–16 | 55–80 | semi-hardy |
| Green Beans (bush) | Jun 29 – Jul 7 | — | 50–65 | tender |
| Lettuce (head) | Jun 29 – Jul 11 | — | 60–85 | semi-hardy |
| Peas (English/snap) | Jun 29 – Jul 16 | — | 55–75 | hardy |
| Beet | Jul 4 – Jul 21 | — | 50–65 | semi-hardy |
| Kale | Jul 4 – Jul 21 | Jul 15–20 | 50–65 | hardy |
| Swiss Chard | Jul 4 – Jul 21 | Jul 15–20 | 50–60 | semi-hardy |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash | Jul 4 – Jul 12 | — | 45–60 | tender |
| Basil | Jul 9 – Jul 27 | Jul 15–20 | 30–60 | very tender |
| Kohlrabi | Jul 9 – Jul 26 | Jul 15–20 | 45–60 | hardy |
| Cilantro | Jul 14 – Jul 26 | Jul 15–20 | 45–70 | semi-hardy |
| Lettuce (leaf) | Jul 14 – Jul 31 | Jul 15–20 | 40–55 | semi-hardy |
| Turnip | Jul 14 – Jul 31 | Jul 30–31 | 40–60 | hardy |
| Spinach | Jul 19 – Aug 5 | Jul 19–20 | 35–50 | hardy |
| Dill | Jul 24 – Jul 31 | — | 40–60 | semi-hardy |
| Radish | Jul 24 – Aug 18 | Jul 30–Aug 4 | 22–35 | hardy |
| Garlic | Sep 7 – Oct 28 | Sep 27–Oct 2 | 240–300 | hardy |
| Shallot | Sep 21 – Oct 22 | Sep 27–Oct 2 | 90–120 | hardy |
D’où viennent ces chiffres
Les dates de gel de cette page sont des normales observées en station, pas des estimations : elles viennent de Billings Logan Intl Ap (GHCN USW00024033), l’une des 6 808 stations américaines des Climate Normals 1991–2020 de la NOAA. La zone de rusticité vient de l’USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023. Le calendrier des cultures est exprimé en décalages par rapport à vos gelées, d’après les guides de semis des Extensions universitaires.
Quelle est la précision de tout cela ?
Extension recommendations for the same crop routinely disagree by two to four weeks, and occasionally more, so these offsets should be presented as windows and starting points rather than deadlines. Three things drive the spread. (1) Regional risk tolerance: for warm-season crops, Colorado State and Utah State put tomatoes, peppers and melons out about 14 days after the last frost, while University of Missouri's calendar works out to roughly 25-35 days after the last frost and University of Maryland's window runs from the frost date itself out to 45 days past it. That is a real 6-week spread for the single most popular garden crop, and it exists because a short-season mountain state is optimizing against a short season while a humid continental state is optimizing against cold, wet spring soil. (2) Soil temperature versus calendar date: most Extension services now say the honest trigger is soil temperature at 4 inches, not the frost date, and the frost-relative number is a convenience translation. A cold, wet spring can push the real date two or three weeks past the calendar recommendation. (3) Days-to-maturity is variety-specific and is measured differently for direct-seeded versus transplanted crops - seed catalogs count from transplant date for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and cole crops, but from sowing for roots and greens - so a 'days to maturity' range of 60-85 for tomato is genuinely 60-85 depending on which packet you bought. Additionally, the average last frost is a 50% probability, meaning half of all years have a frost after that date; Extension services commonly advise waiting 1-2 weeks past it for anything frost-tender, or being prepared to cover. Treat every number here as plus or minus about 10-14 days.
Sur la station elle-même : une station météo, c’est un point. Les villes gardent leur chaleur, les vallées accumulent l’air froid, et un jardin en versant nord peut avoir deux semaines de retard sur un autre à un mile de là. Prenez cette page comme point de départ et laissez votre jardin la corriger — c’est exactement à cela que sert le journal de l’application.
Lieux proches
Rappels de semis pour Billings
Un mot bref à chaque nouvelle et pleine lune sur ce qui est dans sa fenêtre en ce moment à Billings — calculé d’après les dates de gel de cette page. Gratuit, un clic pour arrêter.
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