Les quatre dates qui comptent
| Date | Quand | Ce que cela veut dire |
|---|---|---|
| Dernier gel de printemps (50 %) | May 10 | Une année sur deux gèle après cette date. C’est une moyenne, pas une garantie. |
| Dernier gel de printemps (10 %) | May 23 | Une année sur dix seulement gèle après. À retenir pour ce que vous ne pouvez pas vous permettre de resemer. |
| Premier gel d’automne (50 %) | Sep 30 | Une année sur deux gèle avant cette date. Les cultures d’automne se comptent à rebours depuis là. |
| Premier gel d’automne (10 %) | Sep 16 | Une année à gel précoce. Si une culture doit finir, visez une récolte avant cette date. |
Semis de printemps et d’été à Bismarck
Les dates sont calculées à partir du dernier gel propre à ce lieu, pas d’un tableau générique par zone. Les « meilleurs jours lunaires » sont les jours de chaque fenêtre qui tombent dans la phase traditionnelle de la culture — la règle même de l’application.
| Culture | Semis à l’abri | Plantation dehors | Meilleurs jours lunaires | Jours avant récolte |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strawberry (crowns) transplant |
— | Mar 11 – Apr 19 | Apr 1 Full Moon |
perennial — first real harvest next season |
| Garlic cloves/sets Mieux vaut semer en automne — voir plus bas |
— | Mar 24 – Apr 24 | Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
240–300 |
| Asparagus (crowns) transplant |
— | Mar 29 – May 3 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
perennial — first real harvest 2–3 years |
| Chives either |
Mar 15 | Mar 29 – May 3 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
75–90 |
| Onion (from sets/transplants) cloves/sets |
— | Mar 29 – May 3 | Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Peas (English/snap) direct sow |
— | Mar 29 – May 3 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
55–75 |
| Spinach direct sow |
— | Mar 29 – May 3 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
35–50 |
| Cabbage transplant |
Mar 8 | Apr 5 – May 3 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
65–90 |
| Collards either |
Mar 29 | Apr 5 – May 24 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
55–85 |
| Kale either |
Mar 29 | Apr 5 – May 10 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
50–65 |
| Lettuce (leaf) either |
Apr 5 | Apr 5 – May 31 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
40–55 |
| Potato cloves/sets |
— | Apr 5 – May 10 | May 1 Full Moon |
70–120 |
| Radish direct sow |
— | Apr 5 – May 31 | Apr 5–8, May 2–3 Waning Gibbous |
22–35 |
| Turnip direct sow |
— | Apr 5 – May 17 | Apr 5–8, May 2–3 Waning Gibbous |
40–60 |
| Broccoli transplant |
Mar 8 | Apr 10 – May 10 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Brussels Sprouts transplant |
Mar 8 | Apr 10 – May 10 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
90–110 |
| Leek transplant |
Mar 1 | Apr 10 – May 10 | May 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
100–120 |
| Lettuce (head) transplant |
Mar 22 | Apr 10 – May 10 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
60–85 |
| Parsley either |
Mar 8 | Apr 10 – May 17 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
70–90 |
| Parsnip direct sow |
— | Apr 10 – May 17 | May 1 Full Moon |
100–150 |
| Shallot cloves/sets Mieux vaut semer en automne — voir plus bas |
— | Apr 10 – May 10 | May 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Beet direct sow |
— | Apr 12 – May 31 | May 1, May 31 Full Moon |
50–65 |
| Kohlrabi either |
Mar 29 | Apr 12 – May 17 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
45–60 |
| Carrot direct sow |
— | Apr 19 – May 31 | May 1, May 31 Full Moon |
65–85 |
| Cauliflower transplant |
Mar 8 | Apr 19 – May 10 | Apr 19–22 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Cilantro direct sow |
— | Apr 19 – May 31 | Apr 19–22, May 17–18 Waxing Crescent |
45–70 |
| Swiss Chard direct sow |
— | Apr 19 – Jun 9 | Apr 19–22, May 17–18 Waxing Crescent |
50–60 |
| Dill direct sow |
— | Apr 26 – Jun 9 | May 17–22 Waxing Crescent |
40–60 |
| Cucumber either |
Apr 19 | May 10 – Jun 9 | May 23 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Green Beans (bush) direct sow |
— | May 10 – Jun 24 | May 23, Jun 21 First Quarter |
50–65 |
| Oregano transplant |
Mar 15 | May 10 – May 31 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sage transplant |
Mar 15 | May 10 – May 31 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sweet Corn direct sow |
— | May 10 – Jun 24 | May 23, Jun 21 First Quarter |
60–100 |
| Thyme transplant |
Mar 15 | May 10 – May 31 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash either |
Apr 19 | May 10 – Jun 9 | May 23 First Quarter |
45–60 |
| Basil either |
Mar 29 | May 17 – Jun 9 | May 17–22 Waxing Crescent |
30–60 |
| Dry Beans direct sow |
— | May 17 – Jun 14 | May 23 First Quarter |
85–100 |
| Pole Beans direct sow |
— | May 17 – Jun 19 | May 23 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Pumpkin direct sow |
Apr 19 | May 17 – Jun 14 | May 23 First Quarter |
90–120 |
| Rosemary transplant |
May 10 | May 17 – Jun 9 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Tomatillo transplant |
Mar 29 | May 17 – Jun 9 | May 23 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Tomato transplant |
Mar 29 | May 17 – Jun 9 | May 23 First Quarter |
60–85 |
| Winter Squash direct sow |
Apr 19 | May 17 – Jun 14 | May 23 First Quarter |
85–110 |
| Cantaloupe / Muskmelon either |
Apr 19 | May 24 – Jun 14 | — First Quarter |
75–90 |
| Eggplant transplant |
Mar 15 | May 24 – Jun 14 | — First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Okra direct sow |
Apr 12 | May 24 – Jun 19 | — First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Pepper transplant |
Mar 15 | May 24 – Jun 14 | — First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Sweet Potato slips |
— | May 24 – Jun 19 | Jun 1–6 Waning Gibbous |
90–150 |
| Watermelon either |
Apr 19 | May 24 – Jun 14 | — First Quarter |
70–90 |
Semis d’automne à Bismarck
Les dates d’automne se comptent à rebours depuis le premier gel, et elles rajoutent du temps pour le « facteur d’automne » : les jours raccourcissent et refroidissent, donc une culture pousse plus lentement que ne le promet le sachet. Semer trop tard est de loin la première cause d’échec d’un potager d’automne.
| Culture | Semer ou mettre en place | Meilleurs jours lunaires | Jours avant récolte | Rusticité |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brussels Sprouts | May 18 – Jun 4 | May 18–22 | 90–110 | hardy |
| Potato | May 23 – Jun 24 | May 31 | 70–120 | semi-hardy |
| Parsley | Jun 10 – Jun 24 | Jun 15–20 | 70–90 | semi-hardy |
| Cabbage | Jun 17 – Jun 29 | Jun 17–20 | 65–90 | hardy |
| Carrot | Jun 17 – Jun 29 | Jun 29 | 65–85 | semi-hardy |
| Collards | Jun 17 – Jul 9 | Jun 17–20 | 55–85 | hardy |
| Cucumber | Jun 17 – Jun 30 | Jun 21 | 50–70 | tender |
| Broccoli | Jun 22 – Jul 9 | — | 55–80 | hardy |
| Cauliflower | Jun 22 – Jul 9 | — | 55–80 | semi-hardy |
| Lettuce (head) | Jun 22 – Jul 4 | — | 60–85 | semi-hardy |
| Peas (English/snap) | Jun 22 – Jul 9 | — | 55–75 | hardy |
| Beet | Jun 27 – Jul 14 | Jun 29 | 50–65 | semi-hardy |
| Kale | Jun 27 – Jul 14 | — | 50–65 | hardy |
| Swiss Chard | Jun 27 – Jul 14 | — | 50–60 | semi-hardy |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash | Jun 27 – Jul 5 | — | 45–60 | tender |
| Basil | Jul 2 – Jul 20 | Jul 15–20 | 30–60 | very tender |
| Kohlrabi | Jul 2 – Jul 19 | Jul 15–19 | 45–60 | hardy |
| Cilantro | Jul 7 – Jul 19 | Jul 15–19 | 45–70 | semi-hardy |
| Lettuce (leaf) | Jul 7 – Jul 24 | Jul 15–20 | 40–55 | semi-hardy |
| Turnip | Jul 7 – Jul 24 | — | 40–60 | hardy |
| Spinach | Jul 12 – Jul 29 | Jul 15–20 | 35–50 | hardy |
| Dill | Jul 17 – Jul 24 | Jul 17–20 | 40–60 | semi-hardy |
| Radish | Jul 17 – Aug 11 | Jul 30–Aug 4 | 22–35 | hardy |
| Garlic | Aug 31 – Oct 21 | Aug 31–Sep 3, Sep 27–28 | 240–300 | hardy |
| Shallot | Sep 14 – Oct 15 | Sep 27–Oct 2 | 90–120 | hardy |
D’où viennent ces chiffres
Les dates de gel de cette page sont des normales observées en station, pas des estimations : elles viennent de Bismarck 2.4 Nnw (GHCN USC00320817), l’une des 6 808 stations américaines des Climate Normals 1991–2020 de la NOAA. La zone de rusticité vient de l’USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023. Le calendrier des cultures est exprimé en décalages par rapport à vos gelées, d’après les guides de semis des Extensions universitaires.
Quelle est la précision de tout cela ?
Extension recommendations for the same crop routinely disagree by two to four weeks, and occasionally more, so these offsets should be presented as windows and starting points rather than deadlines. Three things drive the spread. (1) Regional risk tolerance: for warm-season crops, Colorado State and Utah State put tomatoes, peppers and melons out about 14 days after the last frost, while University of Missouri's calendar works out to roughly 25-35 days after the last frost and University of Maryland's window runs from the frost date itself out to 45 days past it. That is a real 6-week spread for the single most popular garden crop, and it exists because a short-season mountain state is optimizing against a short season while a humid continental state is optimizing against cold, wet spring soil. (2) Soil temperature versus calendar date: most Extension services now say the honest trigger is soil temperature at 4 inches, not the frost date, and the frost-relative number is a convenience translation. A cold, wet spring can push the real date two or three weeks past the calendar recommendation. (3) Days-to-maturity is variety-specific and is measured differently for direct-seeded versus transplanted crops - seed catalogs count from transplant date for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and cole crops, but from sowing for roots and greens - so a 'days to maturity' range of 60-85 for tomato is genuinely 60-85 depending on which packet you bought. Additionally, the average last frost is a 50% probability, meaning half of all years have a frost after that date; Extension services commonly advise waiting 1-2 weeks past it for anything frost-tender, or being prepared to cover. Treat every number here as plus or minus about 10-14 days.
Sur la station elle-même : une station météo, c’est un point. Les villes gardent leur chaleur, les vallées accumulent l’air froid, et un jardin en versant nord peut avoir deux semaines de retard sur un autre à un mile de là. Prenez cette page comme point de départ et laissez votre jardin la corriger — c’est exactement à cela que sert le journal de l’application.
Lieux proches
Rappels de semis pour Bismarck
Un mot bref à chaque nouvelle et pleine lune sur ce qui est dans sa fenêtre en ce moment à Bismarck — calculé d’après les dates de gel de cette page. Gratuit, un clic pour arrêter.
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