真正要紧的四个日期
| 日期 | 什么时候 | 意味着什么 |
|---|---|---|
| 春季终霜 (50%) | May 13 | 有一半的年份会在这个日期之后还结霜。这是平均值,不是保证。 |
| 春季终霜 (10%) | May 27 | 只有十年里的一年会在这之后结霜。凡是不能重种的作物,就按这个日期来。 |
| 秋季初霜 (50%) | Sep 28 | 有一半的年份会在这个日期之前结霜。秋菜就是从这里往回推算的。 |
| 秋季初霜 (10%) | Sep 15 | 早霜年份。如果某种作物必须收成,就争取在这之前收。 |
Minot 的春夏播种
这些日期是按本地自己的终霜日期算出来的,不是照搬通用的分区表。“最佳月相日” 是每个时间窗里落在该作物传统月相上的那几天——和 App 用的是同一条规则。
| 作物 | 室内育苗 | 露地定植 | 最佳月相日 | 收获天数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strawberry (crowns) transplant |
— | Mar 14 – Apr 22 | Apr 1 Full Moon |
perennial — first real harvest next season |
| Garlic cloves/sets 更适合秋播——见下文 |
— | Mar 27 – Apr 27 | Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
240–300 |
| Asparagus (crowns) transplant |
— | Apr 1 – May 6 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
perennial — first real harvest 2–3 years |
| Chives either |
Mar 18 | Apr 1 – May 6 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
75–90 |
| Onion (from sets/transplants) cloves/sets |
— | Apr 1 – May 6 | Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Peas (English/snap) direct sow |
— | Apr 1 – May 6 | Apr 23 First Quarter |
55–75 |
| Spinach direct sow |
— | Apr 1 – May 6 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
35–50 |
| Cabbage transplant |
Mar 11 | Apr 8 – May 6 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
65–90 |
| Collards either |
Apr 1 | Apr 8 – May 27 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
55–85 |
| Kale either |
Apr 1 | Apr 8 – May 13 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
50–65 |
| Lettuce (leaf) either |
Apr 8 | Apr 8 – Jun 3 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
40–55 |
| Potato cloves/sets |
— | Apr 8 – May 13 | May 1 Full Moon |
70–120 |
| Radish direct sow |
— | Apr 8 – Jun 3 | Apr 8, May 2–6 Waning Gibbous |
22–35 |
| Turnip direct sow |
— | Apr 8 – May 20 | Apr 8, May 2–6 Waning Gibbous |
40–60 |
| Broccoli transplant |
Mar 11 | Apr 13 – May 13 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Brussels Sprouts transplant |
Mar 11 | Apr 13 – May 13 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
90–110 |
| Leek transplant |
Mar 4 | Apr 13 – May 13 | May 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
100–120 |
| Lettuce (head) transplant |
Mar 25 | Apr 13 – May 13 | Apr 18–22 Waxing Crescent |
60–85 |
| Parsley either |
Mar 11 | Apr 13 – May 20 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
70–90 |
| Parsnip direct sow |
— | Apr 13 – May 20 | May 1 Full Moon |
100–150 |
| Shallot cloves/sets 更适合秋播——见下文 |
— | Apr 13 – May 13 | May 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Beet direct sow |
— | Apr 15 – Jun 3 | May 1, May 31 Full Moon |
50–65 |
| Kohlrabi either |
Apr 1 | Apr 15 – May 20 | Apr 18–22, May 17 Waxing Crescent |
45–60 |
| Carrot direct sow |
— | Apr 22 – Jun 3 | May 1, May 31 Full Moon |
65–85 |
| Cauliflower transplant |
Mar 11 | Apr 22 – May 13 | Apr 22 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Cilantro direct sow |
— | Apr 22 – Jun 3 | Apr 22, May 17–21 Waxing Crescent |
45–70 |
| Swiss Chard direct sow |
— | Apr 22 – Jun 12 | Apr 22, May 17–21 Waxing Crescent |
50–60 |
| Dill direct sow |
— | Apr 29 – Jun 12 | May 17–22 Waxing Crescent |
40–60 |
| Cucumber either |
Apr 22 | May 13 – Jun 12 | May 23 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Green Beans (bush) direct sow |
— | May 13 – Jun 27 | May 23, Jun 21 First Quarter |
50–65 |
| Oregano transplant |
Mar 18 | May 13 – Jun 3 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sage transplant |
Mar 18 | May 13 – Jun 3 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sweet Corn direct sow |
— | May 13 – Jun 27 | May 23, Jun 21 First Quarter |
60–100 |
| Thyme transplant |
Mar 18 | May 13 – Jun 3 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash either |
Apr 22 | May 13 – Jun 12 | May 23 First Quarter |
45–60 |
| Basil either |
Apr 1 | May 20 – Jun 12 | May 20–22 Waxing Crescent |
30–60 |
| Dry Beans direct sow |
— | May 20 – Jun 17 | May 23 First Quarter |
85–100 |
| Pole Beans direct sow |
— | May 20 – Jun 22 | May 23, Jun 21 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Pumpkin direct sow |
Apr 22 | May 20 – Jun 17 | May 23 First Quarter |
90–120 |
| Rosemary transplant |
May 13 | May 20 – Jun 12 | May 23 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Tomatillo transplant |
Apr 1 | May 20 – Jun 12 | May 23 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Tomato transplant |
Apr 1 | May 20 – Jun 12 | May 23 First Quarter |
60–85 |
| Winter Squash direct sow |
Apr 22 | May 20 – Jun 17 | May 23 First Quarter |
85–110 |
| Cantaloupe / Muskmelon either |
Apr 22 | May 27 – Jun 17 | — First Quarter |
75–90 |
| Eggplant transplant |
Mar 18 | May 27 – Jun 17 | — First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Okra direct sow |
Apr 15 | May 27 – Jun 22 | Jun 21 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Pepper transplant |
Mar 18 | May 27 – Jun 17 | — First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Sweet Potato slips |
— | May 27 – Jun 22 | Jun 1–6 Waning Gibbous |
90–150 |
| Watermelon either |
Apr 22 | May 27 – Jun 17 | — First Quarter |
70–90 |
Minot 的秋季播种
秋季日期是从初霜往回推算的,而且还要为“秋季系数”多留出时间:白天 越来越短、越来越凉,作物长得比种子袋上写的慢。播得太晚,是秋菜失败最常见的一个原因。
| 作物 | 播种或定植 | 最佳月相日 | 收获天数 | 耐寒性 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brussels Sprouts | May 16 – Jun 2 | May 17–22 | 90–110 | hardy |
| Potato | May 21 – Jun 22 | May 31 | 70–120 | semi-hardy |
| Parsley | Jun 8 – Jun 22 | Jun 15–20 | 70–90 | semi-hardy |
| Cabbage | Jun 15 – Jun 27 | Jun 15–20 | 65–90 | hardy |
| Carrot | Jun 15 – Jun 27 | — | 65–85 | semi-hardy |
| Collards | Jun 15 – Jul 7 | Jun 15–20 | 55–85 | hardy |
| Cucumber | Jun 15 – Jun 28 | Jun 21 | 50–70 | tender |
| Broccoli | Jun 20 – Jul 7 | Jun 20 | 55–80 | hardy |
| Cauliflower | Jun 20 – Jul 7 | Jun 20 | 55–80 | semi-hardy |
| Lettuce (head) | Jun 20 – Jul 2 | Jun 20 | 60–85 | semi-hardy |
| Peas (English/snap) | Jun 20 – Jul 7 | Jun 21 | 55–75 | hardy |
| Beet | Jun 25 – Jul 12 | Jun 29 | 50–65 | semi-hardy |
| Kale | Jun 25 – Jul 12 | — | 50–65 | hardy |
| Swiss Chard | Jun 25 – Jul 12 | — | 50–60 | semi-hardy |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash | Jun 25 – Jul 3 | — | 45–60 | tender |
| Basil | Jun 30 – Jul 18 | Jul 15–18 | 30–60 | very tender |
| Kohlrabi | Jun 30 – Jul 17 | Jul 15–17 | 45–60 | hardy |
| Cilantro | Jul 5 – Jul 17 | Jul 15–17 | 45–70 | semi-hardy |
| Lettuce (leaf) | Jul 5 – Jul 22 | Jul 15–20 | 40–55 | semi-hardy |
| Turnip | Jul 5 – Jul 22 | Jul 5–6 | 40–60 | hardy |
| Spinach | Jul 10 – Jul 27 | Jul 15–20 | 35–50 | hardy |
| Dill | Jul 15 – Jul 22 | Jul 15–20 | 40–60 | semi-hardy |
| Radish | Jul 15 – Aug 9 | Jul 30–Aug 4 | 22–35 | hardy |
| Garlic | Aug 29 – Oct 19 | Aug 29–Sep 3 | 240–300 | hardy |
| Shallot | Sep 12 – Oct 13 | Sep 27–Oct 2 | 90–120 | hardy |
这些数字从哪儿来
Minot 城内没有长期记录的气象站,所以这里的霜冻日期是 模型推算的,不是实测的。它来自一张半度分辨率的气候网格:把 6,808 个 NOAA 站点(1991–2020 常态值)的 结霜日期与地形、2023 年 USDA 耐寒栅格拟合之后,再读取你所在城市落在的那个网格。拿这些站点本身做校验, 该模型平均误差大约在一周以内——分区与站点完全吻合的比例为 67%,相差不超过半个分区的比例为 97%。 一个网格大约覆盖 35 × 28 英里,所以这是一个“街区级”的答案,不是“后院级”的。如果你附近有 有气象站支撑的地点, 优先用那一个。
这些数据到底有多准?
Extension recommendations for the same crop routinely disagree by two to four weeks, and occasionally more, so these offsets should be presented as windows and starting points rather than deadlines. Three things drive the spread. (1) Regional risk tolerance: for warm-season crops, Colorado State and Utah State put tomatoes, peppers and melons out about 14 days after the last frost, while University of Missouri's calendar works out to roughly 25-35 days after the last frost and University of Maryland's window runs from the frost date itself out to 45 days past it. That is a real 6-week spread for the single most popular garden crop, and it exists because a short-season mountain state is optimizing against a short season while a humid continental state is optimizing against cold, wet spring soil. (2) Soil temperature versus calendar date: most Extension services now say the honest trigger is soil temperature at 4 inches, not the frost date, and the frost-relative number is a convenience translation. A cold, wet spring can push the real date two or three weeks past the calendar recommendation. (3) Days-to-maturity is variety-specific and is measured differently for direct-seeded versus transplanted crops - seed catalogs count from transplant date for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and cole crops, but from sowing for roots and greens - so a 'days to maturity' range of 60-85 for tomato is genuinely 60-85 depending on which packet you bought. Additionally, the average last frost is a 50% probability, meaning half of all years have a frost after that date; Extension services commonly advise waiting 1-2 weeks past it for anything frost-tender, or being prepared to cover. Treat every number here as plus or minus about 10-14 days.
关于气象站本身:一个气象站只是一个点。城市会蓄热,山谷会积冷空气, 朝北坡地上的菜园可能比一英里外的晚上两周。把这一页当成起点,让你自己的菜园去修正它—— App 里的日记正是为此而设。
附近的地点
Minot 的播种提醒
每逢新月和满月发一封短信,告诉你 Minot 现在正好在哪些作物的种植窗口里——依据本页的霜冻日期算出。免费,一键退订。
We store your address to send the email and nothing else. No ads, never sold, unsubscribe any time. See our privacy policy.
想在菜园里用手机看?Moon Phase Garden 把你的霜冻日期、种植时间窗和今晚的月相放在一处, 离线也能用,还能让你用自家菜园的实际情况覆盖这些日期。免费,无广告。