Portland, OR Planting Dates — Moon Phase Garden

The four dates that matter

Date	When	What it means
Last spring frost (50%)	Mar 13	Half of all years see a freeze after this date. It is an average, not a guarantee.
Last spring frost (10%)	Apr 1	Only one year in ten freezes after this. Use it for anything you cannot afford to replant.
First fall frost (50%)	Nov 19	Half of all years freeze before this date. Fall crops are counted back from here.
First fall frost (10%)	Oct 29	An early-freeze year. If a crop must finish, aim to harvest before this.

USDA zone 9a 251 frost-free days Elevation 20 ft Station Portland Intl Ap

Spring & summer planting in Portland

Dates are calculated from this location's own last-frost date, not from a generic zone chart. “Best moon days” are the days inside each window that fall in the crop's traditional phase — the same rule the app uses.

Crop	Start seed indoors	Plant outdoors	Best moon days	Days to harvest
Strawberry (crowns) transplant	—	Jan 12 – Feb 20	Feb 1 Full Moon	perennial — first real harvest next season
Garlic cloves/sets Better planted in fall — see below	—	Jan 25 – Feb 25	Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous	240–300
Asparagus (crowns) transplant	—	Jan 30 – Mar 6	Feb 24 First Quarter	perennial — first real harvest 2–3 years
Chives either	Jan 16	Jan 30 – Mar 6	Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent	75–90
Onion (from sets/transplants) cloves/sets	—	Jan 30 – Mar 6	Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous	90–120
Peas (English/snap) direct sow	—	Jan 30 – Mar 6	Feb 24 First Quarter	55–75
Spinach direct sow	—	Jan 30 – Mar 6	Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent	35–50
Cabbage transplant	Jan 9	Feb 6 – Mar 6	Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent	65–90
Collards either	Jan 30	Feb 6 – Mar 27	Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent	55–85
Kale either	Jan 30	Feb 6 – Mar 13	Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent	50–65
Lettuce (leaf) either	Feb 6	Feb 6 – Apr 3	Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent	40–55
Potato cloves/sets	—	Feb 6 – Mar 13	Mar 3 Full Moon	70–120
Radish direct sow	—	Feb 6 – Apr 3	Feb 6–8, Mar 4–6 Waning Gibbous	22–35
Turnip direct sow	—	Feb 6 – Mar 20	Feb 6–8, Mar 4–6 Waning Gibbous	40–60
Broccoli transplant	Jan 9	Feb 11 – Mar 13	Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent	55–80
Brussels Sprouts transplant	Jan 9	Feb 11 – Mar 13	Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent	90–110
Leek transplant	Jan 2	Feb 11 – Mar 13	Mar 4–9 Waning Gibbous	100–120
Lettuce (head) transplant	Jan 23	Feb 11 – Mar 13	Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent	60–85
Parsley either	Jan 9	Feb 11 – Mar 20	Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent	70–90
Parsnip direct sow	—	Feb 11 – Mar 20	Mar 3 Full Moon	100–150
Shallot cloves/sets Better planted in fall — see below	—	Feb 11 – Mar 13	Mar 4–9 Waning Gibbous	90–120
Beet direct sow	—	Feb 13 – Apr 3	Mar 3, Apr 1 Full Moon	50–65
Kohlrabi either	Jan 30	Feb 13 – Mar 20	Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent	45–60
Carrot direct sow	—	Feb 20 – Apr 3	Mar 3, Apr 1 Full Moon	65–85
Cauliflower transplant	Jan 9	Feb 20 – Mar 13	Feb 20–23 Waxing Crescent	55–80
Cilantro direct sow	—	Feb 20 – Apr 3	Feb 20–23, Mar 19–20 Waxing Crescent	45–70
Swiss Chard direct sow	—	Feb 20 – Apr 12	Feb 20–23, Mar 19–20 Waxing Crescent	50–60
Dill direct sow	—	Feb 27 – Apr 12	Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent	40–60
Cucumber either	Feb 20	Mar 13 – Apr 12	Mar 25 First Quarter	50–70
Green Beans (bush) direct sow	—	Mar 13 – Apr 27	Mar 25, Apr 23 First Quarter	50–65
Oregano transplant	Jan 16	Mar 13 – Apr 3	Mar 25 First Quarter	cut as needed
Sage transplant	Jan 16	Mar 13 – Apr 3	Mar 25 First Quarter	cut as needed
Sweet Corn direct sow	—	Mar 13 – Apr 27	Mar 25, Apr 23 First Quarter	60–100
Thyme transplant	Jan 16	Mar 13 – Apr 3	Mar 25 First Quarter	cut as needed
Zucchini / Summer Squash either	Feb 20	Mar 13 – Apr 12	Mar 25 First Quarter	45–60
Basil either	Jan 30	Mar 20 – Apr 12	Mar 20–24 Waxing Crescent	30–60
Dry Beans direct sow	—	Mar 20 – Apr 17	Mar 25 First Quarter	85–100
Pole Beans direct sow	—	Mar 20 – Apr 22	Mar 25 First Quarter	60–75
Pumpkin direct sow	Feb 20	Mar 20 – Apr 17	Mar 25 First Quarter	90–120
Rosemary transplant	Mar 13	Mar 20 – Apr 12	Mar 25 First Quarter	cut as needed
Tomatillo transplant	Jan 30	Mar 20 – Apr 12	Mar 25 First Quarter	60–75
Tomato transplant	Jan 30	Mar 20 – Apr 12	Mar 25 First Quarter	60–85
Winter Squash direct sow	Feb 20	Mar 20 – Apr 17	Mar 25 First Quarter	85–110
Cantaloupe / Muskmelon either	Feb 20	Mar 27 – Apr 17	— First Quarter	75–90
Eggplant transplant	Jan 16	Mar 27 – Apr 17	— First Quarter	60–90
Okra direct sow	Feb 13	Mar 27 – Apr 22	— First Quarter	50–70
Pepper transplant	Jan 16	Mar 27 – Apr 17	— First Quarter	60–90
Sweet Potato slips	—	Mar 27 – Apr 22	Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous	90–150
Watermelon either	Feb 20	Mar 27 – Apr 17	— First Quarter	70–90

Fall planting in Portland

Fall dates count backward from the first frost, and they add time back for the “fall factor” — days are shortening and cooling, so a crop grows slower than the seed packet promises. Sowing late is the single most common way a fall garden fails.

Crop	Sow or set out	Best moon days	Days to harvest	Hardiness
Tomato	Jul 4 – Aug 9	Jul 21	60–85	very tender
Brussels Sprouts	Jul 7 – Jul 24	Jul 15–20	90–110	hardy
Potato	Jul 12 – Aug 13	Jul 29	70–120	semi-hardy
Sweet Corn	Jul 17 – Aug 9	Jul 21	60–100	tender
Pole Beans	Jul 27 – Aug 9	—	60–75	tender
Parsley	Jul 30 – Aug 13	Aug 13	70–90	semi-hardy
Okra	Aug 1 – Aug 31	Aug 19	50–70	very tender
Cabbage	Aug 6 – Aug 18	Aug 13–18	65–90	hardy
Carrot	Aug 6 – Aug 18	—	65–85	semi-hardy
Collards	Aug 6 – Aug 28	Aug 13–18	55–85	hardy
Cucumber	Aug 6 – Aug 19	Aug 19	50–70	tender
Broccoli	Aug 11 – Aug 28	Aug 13–18	55–80	hardy
Cauliflower	Aug 11 – Aug 28	Aug 13–18	55–80	semi-hardy
Green Beans (bush)	Aug 11 – Aug 19	Aug 19	50–65	tender
Lettuce (head)	Aug 11 – Aug 23	Aug 13–18	60–85	semi-hardy
Peas (English/snap)	Aug 11 – Aug 28	Aug 19	55–75	hardy
Beet	Aug 16 – Sep 2	Aug 27	50–65	semi-hardy
Kale	Aug 16 – Sep 2	Aug 16–18	50–65	hardy
Swiss Chard	Aug 16 – Sep 2	Aug 16–18	50–60	semi-hardy
Zucchini / Summer Squash	Aug 16 – Aug 24	Aug 19	45–60	tender
Basil	Aug 21 – Sep 8	—	30–60	very tender
Kohlrabi	Aug 21 – Sep 7	—	45–60	hardy
Cilantro	Aug 26 – Sep 7	—	45–70	semi-hardy
Lettuce (leaf)	Aug 26 – Sep 12	Sep 11–12	40–55	semi-hardy
Turnip	Aug 26 – Sep 12	Aug 28–Sep 2	40–60	hardy
Spinach	Aug 31 – Sep 17	Sep 11–16	35–50	hardy
Dill	Sep 5 – Sep 12	Sep 11–12	40–60	semi-hardy
Radish	Sep 5 – Sep 30	Sep 27–30	22–35	hardy
Garlic	Oct 20 – Dec 10	Oct 26–31	240–300	hardy
Shallot	Nov 3 – Dec 4	Nov 25–29	90–120	hardy

Bottom line: the 50% frost date is a coin flip, not a green light. If you would be sick about losing a flat of tomatoes, plant to the Apr 1 date instead and keep a row cover handy either way.

Where these numbers come from

The frost dates on this page are observed station normals, not estimates: they come from Portland Intl Ap (GHCN USW00024229), one of 6,808 U.S. stations in NOAA's 1991–2020 Climate Normals. The hardiness zone is from the 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Crop timing is expressed as offsets from your frost dates, drawn from university Extension planting guides.

How precise is any of this?

Extension recommendations for the same crop routinely disagree by two to four weeks, and occasionally more, so these offsets should be presented as windows and starting points rather than deadlines. Three things drive the spread. (1) Regional risk tolerance: for warm-season crops, Colorado State and Utah State put tomatoes, peppers and melons out about 14 days after the last frost, while University of Missouri's calendar works out to roughly 25-35 days after the last frost and University of Maryland's window runs from the frost date itself out to 45 days past it. That is a real 6-week spread for the single most popular garden crop, and it exists because a short-season mountain state is optimizing against a short season while a humid continental state is optimizing against cold, wet spring soil. (2) Soil temperature versus calendar date: most Extension services now say the honest trigger is soil temperature at 4 inches, not the frost date, and the frost-relative number is a convenience translation. A cold, wet spring can push the real date two or three weeks past the calendar recommendation. (3) Days-to-maturity is variety-specific and is measured differently for direct-seeded versus transplanted crops - seed catalogs count from transplant date for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and cole crops, but from sowing for roots and greens - so a 'days to maturity' range of 60-85 for tomato is genuinely 60-85 depending on which packet you bought. Additionally, the average last frost is a 50% probability, meaning half of all years have a frost after that date; Extension services commonly advise waiting 1-2 weeks past it for anything frost-tender, or being prepared to cover. Treat every number here as plus or minus about 10-14 days.

On the station itself: a weather station is one point. Cities hold their heat, valleys pool cold air, and a garden on a north slope can run two weeks behind one a mile away. Treat this page as your starting point and let your own garden correct it — that is exactly what the journal in the app is for.

Nearby locations

Vancouver, WA zone 8b Gresham, OR zone 8b Beaverton, OR zone 8b Hillsboro, OR zone 8b Salem, OR zone 8b Olympia, WA zone 8a

Want this on your phone, in your garden? Moon Phase Garden keeps your frost dates, your planting windows and tonight's moon phase in one place, works offline, and lets you override these dates with what your own garden actually does. Free and ad-free.

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