Les quatre dates qui comptent
| Date | Quand | Ce que cela veut dire |
|---|---|---|
| Dernier gel de printemps (50 %) | Feb 26 | Une année sur deux gèle après cette date. C’est une moyenne, pas une garantie. |
| Dernier gel de printemps (10 %) | Mar 17 | Une année sur dix seulement gèle après. À retenir pour ce que vous ne pouvez pas vous permettre de resemer. |
| Premier gel d’automne (50 %) | Nov 28 | Une année sur deux gèle avant cette date. Les cultures d’automne se comptent à rebours depuis là. |
| Premier gel d’automne (10 %) | Nov 7 | Une année à gel précoce. Si une culture doit finir, visez une récolte avant cette date. |
Semis de printemps et d’été à San Antonio
Les dates sont calculées à partir du dernier gel propre à ce lieu, pas d’un tableau générique par zone. Les « meilleurs jours lunaires » sont les jours de chaque fenêtre qui tombent dans la phase traditionnelle de la culture — la règle même de l’application.
| Culture | Semis à l’abri | Plantation dehors | Meilleurs jours lunaires | Jours avant récolte |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Garlic cloves/sets Mieux vaut semer en automne — voir plus bas |
— | Jan 10 – Feb 10 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
240–300 |
| Asparagus (crowns) transplant |
— | Jan 15 – Feb 19 | Jan 25 First Quarter |
perennial — first real harvest 2–3 years |
| Chives either |
Jan 1 | Jan 15 – Feb 19 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
75–90 |
| Onion (from sets/transplants) cloves/sets |
— | Jan 15 – Feb 19 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Peas (English/snap) direct sow |
— | Jan 15 – Feb 19 | Jan 25 First Quarter |
55–75 |
| Spinach direct sow |
— | Jan 15 – Feb 19 | Jan 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
35–50 |
| Cabbage transplant |
Dec 25 | Jan 22 – Feb 19 | Jan 22–24, Feb 18–19 Waxing Crescent |
65–90 |
| Collards either |
Jan 15 | Jan 22 – Mar 12 | Jan 22–24, Feb 18–20 Waxing Crescent |
55–85 |
| Kale either |
Jan 15 | Jan 22 – Feb 26 | Jan 22–24, Feb 18–20 Waxing Crescent |
50–65 |
| Lettuce (leaf) either |
Jan 22 | Jan 22 – Mar 19 | Jan 22–24, Feb 18–20 Waxing Crescent |
40–55 |
| Potato cloves/sets |
— | Jan 22 – Feb 26 | Feb 1 Full Moon |
70–120 |
| Radish direct sow |
— | Jan 22 – Mar 19 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
22–35 |
| Turnip direct sow |
— | Jan 22 – Mar 5 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
40–60 |
| Broccoli transplant |
Dec 25 | Jan 27 – Feb 26 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Brussels Sprouts transplant |
Dec 25 | Jan 27 – Feb 26 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
90–110 |
| Leek transplant |
Dec 18 | Jan 27 – Feb 26 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
100–120 |
| Lettuce (head) transplant |
Jan 8 | Jan 27 – Feb 26 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
60–85 |
| Parsley either |
Dec 25 | Jan 27 – Mar 5 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
70–90 |
| Parsnip direct sow |
— | Jan 27 – Mar 5 | Feb 1, Mar 3 Full Moon |
100–150 |
| Shallot cloves/sets Mieux vaut semer en automne — voir plus bas |
— | Jan 27 – Feb 26 | Feb 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–120 |
| Beet direct sow |
— | Jan 29 – Mar 19 | Feb 1, Mar 3 Full Moon |
50–65 |
| Kohlrabi either |
Jan 15 | Jan 29 – Mar 5 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
45–60 |
| Carrot direct sow |
— | Feb 5 – Mar 19 | Mar 3 Full Moon |
65–85 |
| Cauliflower transplant |
Dec 25 | Feb 5 – Feb 26 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
55–80 |
| Cilantro direct sow |
— | Feb 5 – Mar 19 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
45–70 |
| Swiss Chard direct sow |
— | Feb 5 – Mar 28 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
50–60 |
| Dill direct sow |
— | Feb 12 – Mar 28 | Feb 18–23 Waxing Crescent |
40–60 |
| Cucumber either |
Feb 5 | Feb 26 – Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Green Beans (bush) direct sow |
— | Feb 26 – Apr 12 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
50–65 |
| Oregano transplant |
Jan 1 | Feb 26 – Mar 19 | — First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sage transplant |
Jan 1 | Feb 26 – Mar 19 | — First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Sweet Corn direct sow |
— | Feb 26 – Apr 12 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–100 |
| Thyme transplant |
Jan 1 | Feb 26 – Mar 19 | — First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash either |
Feb 5 | Feb 26 – Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
45–60 |
| Basil either |
Jan 15 | Mar 5 – Mar 28 | Mar 19–24 Waxing Crescent |
30–60 |
| Dry Beans direct sow |
— | Mar 5 – Apr 2 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
85–100 |
| Pole Beans direct sow |
— | Mar 5 – Apr 7 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Pumpkin direct sow |
Feb 5 | Mar 5 – Apr 2 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
90–120 |
| Rosemary transplant |
Feb 26 | Mar 5 – Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
cut as needed |
| Tomatillo transplant |
Jan 15 | Mar 5 – Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–75 |
| Tomato transplant |
Jan 15 | Mar 5 – Mar 28 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–85 |
| Winter Squash direct sow |
Feb 5 | Mar 5 – Apr 2 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
85–110 |
| Cantaloupe / Muskmelon either |
Feb 5 | Mar 12 – Apr 2 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
75–90 |
| Eggplant transplant |
Jan 1 | Mar 12 – Apr 2 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Okra direct sow |
Jan 29 | Mar 12 – Apr 7 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
50–70 |
| Pepper transplant |
Jan 1 | Mar 12 – Apr 2 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
60–90 |
| Sweet Potato slips |
— | Mar 12 – Apr 7 | Apr 2–7 Waning Gibbous |
90–150 |
| Watermelon either |
Feb 5 | Mar 12 – Apr 2 | Mar 25 First Quarter |
70–90 |
| Strawberry (crowns) transplant |
— | Dec 28 – Feb 5 | Jan 3, Feb 1 Full Moon |
perennial — first real harvest next season |
Semis d’automne à San Antonio
Les dates d’automne se comptent à rebours depuis le premier gel, et elles rajoutent du temps pour le « facteur d’automne » : les jours raccourcissent et refroidissent, donc une culture pousse plus lentement que ne le promet le sachet. Semer trop tard est de loin la première cause d’échec d’un potager d’automne.
| Culture | Semer ou mettre en place | Meilleurs jours lunaires | Jours avant récolte | Rusticité |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato | Jul 13 – Aug 18 | Jul 21 | 60–85 | very tender |
| Brussels Sprouts | Jul 16 – Aug 2 | Jul 16–20 | 90–110 | hardy |
| Potato | Jul 21 – Aug 22 | Jul 29 | 70–120 | semi-hardy |
| Sweet Corn | Jul 26 – Aug 18 | — | 60–100 | tender |
| Pole Beans | Aug 5 – Aug 18 | — | 60–75 | tender |
| Parsley | Aug 8 – Aug 22 | Aug 13–18 | 70–90 | semi-hardy |
| Okra | Aug 10 – Sep 9 | Aug 19 | 50–70 | very tender |
| Cabbage | Aug 15 – Aug 27 | Aug 15–18 | 65–90 | hardy |
| Carrot | Aug 15 – Aug 27 | Aug 27 | 65–85 | semi-hardy |
| Collards | Aug 15 – Sep 6 | Aug 15–18 | 55–85 | hardy |
| Cucumber | Aug 15 – Aug 28 | Aug 19 | 50–70 | tender |
| Broccoli | Aug 20 – Sep 6 | — | 55–80 | hardy |
| Cauliflower | Aug 20 – Sep 6 | — | 55–80 | semi-hardy |
| Green Beans (bush) | Aug 20 – Aug 28 | — | 50–65 | tender |
| Lettuce (head) | Aug 20 – Sep 1 | — | 60–85 | semi-hardy |
| Peas (English/snap) | Aug 20 – Sep 6 | — | 55–75 | hardy |
| Beet | Aug 25 – Sep 11 | Aug 27 | 50–65 | semi-hardy |
| Kale | Aug 25 – Sep 11 | Sep 11 | 50–65 | hardy |
| Swiss Chard | Aug 25 – Sep 11 | Sep 11 | 50–60 | semi-hardy |
| Zucchini / Summer Squash | Aug 25 – Sep 2 | — | 45–60 | tender |
| Basil | Aug 30 – Sep 17 | Sep 11–16 | 30–60 | very tender |
| Kohlrabi | Aug 30 – Sep 16 | Sep 11–16 | 45–60 | hardy |
| Cilantro | Sep 4 – Sep 16 | Sep 11–16 | 45–70 | semi-hardy |
| Lettuce (leaf) | Sep 4 – Sep 21 | Sep 11–16 | 40–55 | semi-hardy |
| Turnip | Sep 4 – Sep 21 | — | 40–60 | hardy |
| Spinach | Sep 9 – Sep 26 | Sep 11–16 | 35–50 | hardy |
| Dill | Sep 14 – Sep 21 | Sep 14–17 | 40–60 | semi-hardy |
| Radish | Sep 14 – Oct 9 | Sep 27–Oct 2 | 22–35 | hardy |
| Garlic | Oct 29 – Dec 19 | Oct 29–31, Nov 25–27 | 240–300 | hardy |
| Shallot | Nov 12 – Dec 13 | Nov 25–30 | 90–120 | hardy |
D’où viennent ces chiffres
Les dates de gel de cette page sont des normales observées en station, pas des estimations : elles viennent de San Antonio Intl Ap (GHCN USW00012921), l’une des 6 808 stations américaines des Climate Normals 1991–2020 de la NOAA. La zone de rusticité vient de l’USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map 2023. Le calendrier des cultures est exprimé en décalages par rapport à vos gelées, d’après les guides de semis des Extensions universitaires.
Quelle est la précision de tout cela ?
Extension recommendations for the same crop routinely disagree by two to four weeks, and occasionally more, so these offsets should be presented as windows and starting points rather than deadlines. Three things drive the spread. (1) Regional risk tolerance: for warm-season crops, Colorado State and Utah State put tomatoes, peppers and melons out about 14 days after the last frost, while University of Missouri's calendar works out to roughly 25-35 days after the last frost and University of Maryland's window runs from the frost date itself out to 45 days past it. That is a real 6-week spread for the single most popular garden crop, and it exists because a short-season mountain state is optimizing against a short season while a humid continental state is optimizing against cold, wet spring soil. (2) Soil temperature versus calendar date: most Extension services now say the honest trigger is soil temperature at 4 inches, not the frost date, and the frost-relative number is a convenience translation. A cold, wet spring can push the real date two or three weeks past the calendar recommendation. (3) Days-to-maturity is variety-specific and is measured differently for direct-seeded versus transplanted crops - seed catalogs count from transplant date for tomatoes, peppers, eggplant and cole crops, but from sowing for roots and greens - so a 'days to maturity' range of 60-85 for tomato is genuinely 60-85 depending on which packet you bought. Additionally, the average last frost is a 50% probability, meaning half of all years have a frost after that date; Extension services commonly advise waiting 1-2 weeks past it for anything frost-tender, or being prepared to cover. Treat every number here as plus or minus about 10-14 days.
Sur la station elle-même : une station météo, c’est un point. Les villes gardent leur chaleur, les vallées accumulent l’air froid, et un jardin en versant nord peut avoir deux semaines de retard sur un autre à un mile de là. Prenez cette page comme point de départ et laissez votre jardin la corriger — c’est exactement à cela que sert le journal de l’application.
Lieux proches
Rappels de semis pour San Antonio
Un mot bref à chaque nouvelle et pleine lune sur ce qui est dans sa fenêtre en ce moment à San Antonio — calculé d’après les dates de gel de cette page. Gratuit, un clic pour arrêter.
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